Preparation and Standardization of Deepavali Avaleha - A Traditional Polyherbal Ayurvedic Formulation

L. Kaviarasan*, S. Sarojini, G. Prakash Yoganandam, V. Gopal

Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy,

Mother Theresa Post Graduate and Research Institute of Health Sciences, (A Govt. of Puducherry Institution)

Indira Nagar, Puducherry-605006, India.

*Corresponding Author E-mail: kavild3@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

Preparation and Standardization of Ayurvedic compound is vital to assure therapeutic efficacy and safety. Deepavali avaleha is a polyherbal Ayurvedic formulation consisting of eleven drugs used for Digestive, Appetizer, Carminative, Anti Flatulent, Antispasmodic, Improving digestive fire, Cleansing of micro channels of the body. The present study was aimed that to Prepare and Standardize the Traditional Polyherbal Avaleha formulation with respect to phyto-chemical screening, thin layer chromatography (TLC) and High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) finger printing. Ingredients of sample were powdered separately and subjected for detailed Macroscopical studies, Phyto-Chemical screening, Powder microscopy and the powder drugs are combined in prescribed proportion and analyzed by using TLC and HPTLC as per standard procedures. The tests results obtained like HPTLC fingerprint profile would serve as diagnostic parameters for the identity of this poly herbal formulation. The results obtained may be considered as tools for assistance to the regulatory authorities, scientific organizations and manufacturers for developing standard formulation of great efficacy.

KEY WORDS: Deepavali avaleha, polyherbal Ayurvedic formulation, Digestive, thin layer chromatography (TLC) and High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC).

1. INTRODUCTION:

Deepavali is very important festival in India. During this festival people consume lots of sweet and snacks. Hence many people suffer from Indigestion, Poor digestion and dyspepsia. To overcome this problem traditionally people consume “Deepavali Avaleha” a food medicine, which is claimed to be very effective. The present investigation focused on preparation and standardization of poly herbal Aveleha (Janaki et al.,).

Formulations which contain two or more herbal drugs with multiple pharmacological action therapeutic effect are called as poly herbal formulation. Herbal formulations have reached widespread acceptability as therapeutic agents for diabetics, arthritis, liver diseases, cough remedies, gastro intestinal tract problem and memory enhancers.(Clarie et al., 1998) Owing to the medicinal properties attributed to a crude drug, it is necessary to maintain its quality and purity in commercial market. However most of the tests for standardization described in ancient literature appear to be based on observations and seems to be subjective without valid scientific support. Hence there is need for standardization and development of reliable quality protocols of Ayurvedic formulations using modern techniques of analysis (Anantanarayana DB, 2002).

Various formulations are described in Ayurvedic texts to treat Gastro intestinal tract problems such as Bhaskaralavana Curna, Hingvastaka Curna. Rasonadi Vati, Vaishvanara Churna, Astanga Lavana, Bilvadi leha, Ikshvadi Avaleha, etc., (Shetty et al 2013). Among these Deepavali Avaleha is one of the formulations to treat the Gastro intestinal tract problems. Ingredients, parts used with proportions of Deepavali Avaleha are summarized in Table 1.

Table: 1. Formulae for Deepavali Avaleha formulation

SL.NO	DRUG NAME IN TAMIL	PART USED	BIOLOGICAL SOURCE	Qty.
1	Lavanga pattai	Bark	Cinnamomum zeylanicum	2gm
2	Chirakam	Fruit	Cuminum cyminum	2gm
3	Shombu	Fruit	Foeniculum vulgare	2gm
4	Jathikkai	Seed	Myristica fragrans	Half seed
5	Gaehagesha	Seed	Papaver somniferum	1 table spoon
6	Pipali	Fruit	Piper longum	10gm
7	Milagu	Fruit	Piper nigrum	50gm
8	Chittaratai	Rhizome	Plumbago zeylanica	10gm
9	Kirambu	Fruit Buds	Syzygium aromaticum	2 table spoon
10	Omam	Fruit	Trachyspermum ammi	100gm
11	Injee	Rhizome	Zingiber officinale	10gm
12	Honey	-	-	Q.s
13	Ghee	-	-	50 gm
14	Oil	-	-	Q.s
15	Jaggery, sugar	-	-	250gm

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS:

2.1. Plant Materials

The required plant material was purchased from Vijaya Ganapathy Stores, Pondicherry. The raw materials were first identified and authenticated by Prof. Dr. V. Gopal.

2.2. Pharmacognostic studies for powder drug

2.2.1. Macroscopical Studies

The above said eleven drugs were observed in naked as well as luminescent light for evaluated their colour, size, and shape. The odour and taste of the material were also studied.

2.2.2. Powder microscopical studies

All the plant are powdered and passed through sieves with aperture size of 180µm and 125μm separately to obtain fine and very fine powders respectively were subjected to microscopical examination. The specimens were treated with the following reagents in order to evaluate components of diagnostic value: 50% glycerin as temporary mountant: 2% phloroglucinol in a mixture of 90% ethanol and conc. HCl (1:1) for lignin: 5% alcoholic ferric chloride for phenolic compounds: 2% iodine solution for starch grains; 0.08% ruthenium red in 10% lead acetate for mucilage and sudan III red for oil globules.(Neyanila et al., 2013)

2.3. Preparation of Deepavali Aveleha

As per the textual description (Parashurama, 2000) and guidelines in Ayurvedic formulary of India (AFI, 2003) the 11 drugs described above were powdered separately and mixed as per quantity mentioned above (Trikamji Yadavji, 2009). All the sample powder passed through 60 mesh size. The Jaggery or sugar-candy is dissolved in the liquid and strained to remove the foreign particles. This solution is boiled over a moderate fire. When pressed between two fingers if paka becomes thready (Tantuvat), or when it sinks in water without getting easily dissolved, it should be removed from the fire. The 60 mesh powders of drugs are then added in small quantities and stirred continuously to form a homogenous mixture. Ghee or oil is added while the preparation is still hot and mixed well. Add Honey when the preparation becomes cool and mixed well. The Lehya should neither be hard nor a thick fluid. The prepared avaleha was stored in well closed air tight container.

2.4. Preparation of extract

The extract of Polyherbal avaleha was prepared by using direct reflux method. The solvent used in the extraction procedure is ethanol: water in the ratio of 70:30. During the process temperature was maintained at 60⁰C to prevent the deterioration of thermolabile constituents.

2.5. High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)

For HPTLC, various concentration of the above extract was applied on a precoated silica gel F254 on aluminum plates to a band width of 8 mm using Linomat 5 TLC applicator. The plate was developed in Toluene: Ethyl acetate (70:30) and the developed plates were visualized and scanned under UV 254, 366 using CAMAG densitometer. Rf values, colour of the spots, densitometric scan and superimposability of densitogram were recorded. (Anonymous, 2003;Kalpana joshi et al., 2010)

3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

3.1. Macroscopic features of crude drugs

The macroscopic description helps in taxonomical identification of the selected plant and differentiating it from the related species. All these observations were noted and the result was given in the table 2.

Table 2: MACROSCOPICAL STUDIES OF CRUDE DRUGS

S.No	Name of the drug and parts	Physical parameter
S.No	Name of the drug and parts	Colour	Odour	Taste	Size	Shape
1	C. zeylanicum (bark)	Dull yellowish brown	Fragrant	Aromatic	110.5 cm	Compound quills
2	C. cyminum (fruit)	Brown	Aromatic	Aromatic	6x 0.2cm	Elongated and tapering
3	F. vulgare (Fruit)	Green- yellowish Brown	Strongly Aromatic	Strongly Aromatic	10*4 mm	Straight or slightly curved
4	M. fragrans (seed)	Greenish brown	Strongly Aromatic	Aromatic and Pungent	3*2 cm	Ellipsoidal
5	P. somniferum (seed)	White – dull white	Strong characteristic	Bitter	0.2mm	Spherical.
6	P. longum (fruting spikes)	Pale Brown	Aromatic spicy	Hot and Sweet	5*0.5 cm	Circular and elongated.
7	p. nigrum (fruit)	Blackish brown	Aromatic	Pungent	6mm in diameter	Globular
8	P. zeylanica	reddish to deep brown	Disagreeable	Acrid	30 cm n length, 6 mm diameter	Straight or slightly curved
9	S. aromaticum (bud)	dark brown or dusty red	strongly aromatic	pungent, aromatic	10-17.5 mm in length	sub-cylindrical, slightly flattened
10	T. ammi (fruit)	Yellowish brown	Agreeable	Aromatic	32.41.5mm	Ovoid
11	Z. officinale (Rhizome)	Buff	Agreeable and aromatic	Agreeable and aromatic	15*6.5 cm	Ovate and oblique

3.2. Powder Microscopic studies of crude drugs

Powder microscopic analysis of the individual powdered crude drugs showed the following characters.

Figure 1. Powder Microscopy of Cinnamomum zeylanicum

Figure 2. Powder Microscopy of Cinnamomum zeylanicum

Figure 3. Powder microscopy of Foeniculum vulgare Mil

Figure 4. Powder microscopy of Myristica fragrans

Figure 5. Powder microscopy of Pepaver somniferum

Figure 6. Powder microscopy of Piper longum

Figure 7. Powder microscopy of Pipper nigrum

Figure 8. Powder microscopy of Syzygium aromaticum

Figure 9. Powder microscopy of Trachyspermum ammi

Figure 10. Powder microscopy of Zingiber officinale Roxb

Table: 3. Rf Value of hydro alcoholic extract of Deepavali Avaleha 30μl at 366nm

	Start	Start	Max	Max	Max	End	End	Area	Area
Peak	Position	Height	Position	Height	%	Position	Height		%
1	0.11 Rf	8.5 AU	0.12 Rf	28.6 AU	1.56%	0.13 Rf	15.5 AU	744.4 AU	0.52%
2	0.16 Rf	7.8 AU	0.18 Rf	18.8 AU	1.02%	0.18 Rf	17.6 AU	461.4 AU	0.33%
3	0.32 Rf	41.5 AU	0.35 Rf	144.3 AU	7.87%	0.36 Rf	140.2 AU	8631.6 AU	6.09%
4	0.37 Rf	150.1 AU	0.39 Rf	159.8 AU	8.72%	0.39 Rf	156.5 AU	6058.6 AU	4.27%
5	0.40 Rf	156.5 AU	0.40 Rf	158.8 AU	8.66%	0.44 Rf	92.3 AU	10899.5 AU	7.69%
6	0.48 Rf	63.7 AU	0.53 Rf	583.4 AU	31.83%	0.54 Rf	555.1 AU	41013.2 AU	28.93%
7	0.54 Rf	555.2 AU	0.56 Rf	571.6 AU	31.19%	0.63 Rf	73.4 AU	64172.2 AU	45.26%
8	0.75 Rf	54.8 AU	0.76 Rf	62.2 AU	3.39%	0.76 Rf	60.3 AU	1357.2 AU	0.96%
9	0.78 Rf	72.7 AU	0.80 Rf	105.4 AU	5.75%	0.84 Rf	23.8 AU	8451.7 AU	5.96%

Table: 4. Rf Value of hydro alcoholic extract of Deepavali Avaleha 30μl at 254nm

	Start	Start	Max	Max	Max	End	End	Area	Area
Peak	Position	Height	Position	Height	%	Position	Height		%
1	0.41 Rf	16.1 AU	0.45 Rf	55.2 AU	8.15%	0.47 Rf	27.6 AU	3773.3 AU	7.10%
2	0.53 Rf	21.8 AU	0.54 Rf	24.0 AU	3.54%	0.55 Rf	11.9 AU	436.5 AU	0.82%
3	0.58 Rf	24.6 AU	0.62 Rf	315.3 AU	46.56%	0.70 Rf	54.0 AU	35986.8 AU	67.67%
4	0.70 Rf	51.3 AU	0.73 Rf	71.1 AU	10.50%	0.73 Rf	68.2 AU	3100.6 AU	5.83%
5	0.75 Rf	68.1 AU	0.76 Rf	73.3 AU	10.82%	0.76 Rf	64.7 AU	2372.2 AU	4.46%
6	0.77 Rf	60.5 AU	0.79 Rf	138.4 AU	20.44%	0.82 Rf	1.2 AU	7512.2 AU	14.13%

4. CONCLUSION:

In the present study the Macroscopical examination of all the raw material of Deepavali Avaleha was done by observing the sample collected in Naked in the day light as well as in luminescent light for their colour, size, and shape. The odour and taste of the material were also studied. All these observations were noted and given in the result section. They were morphologically found to be identical with reference material and description in literature. Powder Microscopic evaluation is an indispensable tool for identification of medicinal herbs and is one of the essential parameter in modern monograph. In this regard the important powder microscopic features of all the raw material of the selected formulation have been photographed (magnification 10X) with the aid of trinocular microscope. The information obtained from preliminary phytochemical screening analysis of the raw materials of Deepavali Avaleha as well as finished product of Deepavali Avaleha and its hydro alcoholic extract would be useful in finding out the genuinenity of the drug. TLC studies of Deepavali Avaleha Extract is studied by using following solvent system: Toluene: Ethyl acetate (70:30) and no. of spot are observed were under UV_254nm, UV_365nm, normal light, and derivatised by Vanillin Sulphuric acid. HPTLC Qualitative and Quantitative analysis of Deepavali Avaleha shows different peaks scanned under UV_254nm and UV_365nm. The results of these investigations could, therefore, serve as a basis for proper identification, authentication and standardization of the Deepavali Avaleha. Further it was planed that, the avaleha formulation has been developed into a different novel formulation and it is also to be standardized scientifically.

5. REFERENCE:

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Received on 23.07.2016 Accepted on 27.10.2016

Asian J. Pharm. Tech. 2016; 6(4): 231-237.

DOI: 10.5958/2231-5713.2016.00034.9